Dextrocardia with situs inversus is defined as right sided heart along with all inversely rotated visceral organs mirror image. Dextrocardia with situs inversus remains asymptomatic and normally remains. Situs solitus definition of situs solitus by medical. Terminology dextrocardia merely refers to the laterality of the heart, it says no. Mirrorimage dextrocardia is the most common form of cardiac malposition encountered and is almost always associated with situs inversus of. Dextrocardia is an abnormal congenital positioning of heart.
Situs solitus is the medical term referring to the normal position of thoracic and abdominal organs. A term referring to the correct sidedness of structures, where morphologically rightsided structures are present on the right side of the body and morphologically leftsided structures on the left. One slight difference is that right lung is smaller than the left lung, in order to accommodate the heart. The normal arrangement of internal organs is known as situs solitus while situs inversus is generally the mirror image of situs solitus. The lesser anteater tamandua tetradactila is a xenartra from the myrmecophagidae family. Surgical challenge in situs inversus with dextrocardia and. Garga et al 2003 reported among total 125 patients, dextrocardia was most common with situs inversus 39. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 2. Health, general appendicitis diagnosis cat scans usage ct imaging genetic disorders situs inversus genetic aspects. Situs applies to the pattern of the viscera as a whole and. Total situs inversus with dextrocardia home facebook. Situs inversus can be classified further into situs inversus with dextrocardia or situs inversus with levocardia.
It was observed among between the animals studied figure 1 a and b a female with dextrocardia with situs solitusshown only an inverted heart, while the and other organs had normal topography. Levocardia, dextrocardia and mesocardia are general terms that indicate the position of only the cardiac apex and do not give any indication of the cardiac structure or abdominal situs. Pdf anatomy of a dextrocardia case with situs solitus. Dextrocardia situs inversus is a congenital condition characterized by a heart that is horizontally inverse, or mirrored. Genetic and rare diseases information center gard po box 8126, gaithersburg, md 208988126 toll free.
We report herein for the first time, a case of fetal dextrocardia and situs solitus with complex congenital heart disease in which the fine method was invaluable in diagnosing multiple abnormalities and defining complex anatomic relationships. Situs inversus with levocardia and congenitally corrected. Dextrocardia with situs inversus is rare and presents in different forms depending on the atrioventricular av and ventricularaterial va relationship. Pdf dextrocardia with situs inversus, atrioventricular.
Dextrocardia definition of dextrocardia by the free. Forty percents dextrocardia also associated with cardiac malformation. Pdf hypoplastic left heart syndrome with dextrocardia. It may be isolated or associated with malformations, especially cardiac andor alimentary. Pdf on feb 1, 2009, syed wamique yusuf and others published. Three patients with situs inversus totalis mirrorimage dextrocardia and concomitant. Although cardiac problems are more common than in the general population, most. Situs inversus also called situs transversus or oppositus is a congenital condition in which the major visceral organs are reversed or mirrored from their normal positions. In other rare cases such as situs ambiguous, or heterotaxy, and situs cannot be determined.
Although there is a variation in terminology and classification with regard to dextrocardia, the condition of rightsided heart with situs solitus is most commonly referred to as dextroversion. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 351k, or click on a page. In dextrocardia, the main baseapex cardiac axis is directed to the right side of the chest. Dextrocardia with situs inversus refers to the heart being a mirror image situated on the right side. The incidence of dextrocardia associated to situs inversus in the general population is usually 1. Dextrocardia from latin dexter, meaning right, and greek kardia, meaning heart is a rare congenital condition in which the apex of the heart is located on the right side of the body. Additionally, the position of the heart chambers as well as the visceral organs such. Dextrocardia and asplenia in situs inversus totalis in a. Pdf dextrocardia an incidental finding researchgate. We aimed to identify the prevalence and patterns of additional cardiac defects, as well as the associated longterm morbidity and mortality, in adult patients with dextrocardia, in a specialised adult congenital heart disease achd service. Dextrocardia is a rare condition usually diagnosed incidentally and associated with other congenital anomalies. A case of mirrorimage dextrocardia and situs inversus.
Dextrocardia with situs inversus is a rare heart condition characterized by abnormal positioning of the heart. Anatomically, this means that the heart is on the left with the pulmonary atrium on the right and the systemic atrium on the left along with the cardiac apex. Dextrocardia refers to the position of the heart in the right side of the chest. Other forms of cardiac malposition, including dextrocardia, mesocardia and. Dextrocardia in adults with congenital heart disease. Pdf on mar 1, 20, emmanouil petrou and others published. Definition the cardiac apex is located in the right side of the chest three anatomic variations associated with dextrocardia are presented here situs inversus totalis mirror image dextrocardia dextroversion with situs solitus dextroposition of the heart. Other forms of dextrocardia that may be discovered in adults are situs solitus with dloop ventricles and normally related great arteries a variant of dextroversion, situs solitus with lloop ventricles and ltga congenitally corrected tga, situs inversus with dloop ventricles and dtga congenitally corrected tga, and dextrocardia.
Among the several studies, the one by van praagh et al 6 is worth mentioning, as it describes and classifies in details the different types of dextrocardia. Autosomal mode of inheritance is seen with dextrocardia, along with equal ratio seen in both gender. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a patient with situs inversus. Of the 16 patients with situs solitus, six had two ventricles and 10 had. Dextrocardia with situs solitus and inversion apexbasis axis in lesser. Cctga may present as situs solitus or situs inversus 5. Dextrocardia with situs inversus and associated cardiac. Dextrocardia with situs solitus occurs in an estimated 750029 000 living people worldwide. It may be discovered in infancy because of associated anomalies but often remains asymptomatic and discovered incidentally in adult life.
A rare case presentation of meckels diverticulum with situs inversus totalis. Rightsided organs are the liver, the gall bladder and a trilobed lung as well as the inferior vena cava, while leftsided organs are the. In dextrocardia, the heart is on the right side of the thorax with or without situs inversus. Situs solitus is the normal arrangement of abdominal organs with levocardia fig. Differing from the normal animals, the vessels on the base of the heart of the animal with dextrocardia situs solitus and apexbasis inversion axis presented alterations. Dextrocardiavalue of segmental analysis in its categorisation. Advantage of 30 scope chest xray revealed dextrocardia and rightsided stomach bubble. Dextrocardia with situs inversus in an adult nigerian ejeh.
In people affected by dextrocardia, the tip of the heart points towards the right side of the chest instead of the left side. In brazil it spreads out in the amazon, atlantic solitis, southern fields and pantanal. Situs inversus with dextrocardia and lutembacher syndrome is a rare cardiac anomaly. In situs solitus, the morphologic right ventricle mrv and right atrium ra are located on the left and right side, respectively. This induced asymmetry is thought to be achieved by a number of morphological factors that guide development. Mirrorimage dextrocardia is the most common form of dextrocardia and occurs with situs inversus. Background dextrocardia is an abnormal congenital positioning of the heart.
Dextrocardia with situs ambiguous is less common and occurs in 120,000 live births. If you have problems viewing pdf files, download the latest version of adobe reader. It is a rare clinical phenomenon with a reported incidence of 1 in 5,00030,000. On plain radiograph, careful attention should be directed at the location of the aortic arch, gastric fundus, cardiac apex, pul monary fissures and the branching pattern of the bronchi, in order to ensure that the situs is solitus. Dextrocardia and asplenia in situs inversus totalis in a baby. In dextrocardia with situs solitus, a congenital condition, the heart is on the right side of the chest, but all of the other internal organs are in their normal positions. Dextrocardia with situs inversus totalis in an adult. Instead of the heart forming in the fetus on the left side, it flips over and forms on the right side 1 situs inversus also called situs transversus is a congenital condition in which the major visceral organs are reversed or mirrored from their normal positions. Introduction situs inversus with dextrocardia is the complete inversion of position of the thoracic and abdominal viscera. Dextrocardia with situs inversus is a condition that is characterized by abnormal positioning of the heart and other internal organs. The concept of situs refers to the configuration of asymmetric structures within an individual. A rare case presentation of meckels diverticulum with. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome with dextrocardia and situs solitus is a very rare condition.
Successful obstetric outcome in dextrocardia with situs. Dextroposition is where dextrocardia occurs because of a physical shift of the heart to the right due to mechanical factors. Situs inversus refers to the mirrorimage reversal of the organs in the chest and abdominal cavity. Article information, pdf download for surgical challenge in situs inversus. Dextrocardia with situs inversus associated with non. Dextrocardia is rare in the general population, and may be associated with significant additional cardiac malformations. Dextrocardia is a rare cardiac anomaly where the heart is situated on the right antimeres of the thorax. In mesocardia, the heart is centrally located in the chest with normal atrial and visceral anatomy. Instead of heart forming in fetus on left side, it flips over and forms on right side. About 50% of patients with dextrocardia and congenital heart disease have situs solitus and situs ambiguous accounting for the remaining. Dextrocardia is a component of leftsided poland syndrome. Levocardia leftsided cardiac apex with abdominal situs inversus is extremely. Situs solitus, situs inversus totalis dextrocardia with situs inversus displacement of the heart to the right side of the thorax with mirrorimage transposition of the cardiac chambers together with transposition of the abdominal viscera.
Isolated dextrocardia with situs solitus dextroversion. On the other hand, situs inversus is characterized by the mirrorimage location of the thoracic and abdominal organs. Dextrocardia can be defined as a heart in the right chest with the major axis to the right. Total situs inversus with dextrocardia is a rare condition, and basically means mirror image of all internal organs as the above photo shows. Dextrocardia is a congenital cardiac malrotation in which the heart is situated on the right side of the body dextroversion with the apex pointing to the right. It is characterized by the position of the heart in the right hemithorax, with its baseapex axis directed to the bottom right. In secondary dextrocardia, the cardiac apex may point to the left or anteriorly. When dextrocardia with situs solitus occurs, the ventricles are inverted but not the viscera and therefore not the atria. Brito, mitermayer r miranda, carlos e barros, vladimir c castro, luiz r borges, maria h. The apex is central or rightward displaced on the chest radiograph. The incidence of congenital heart disease very high in patients with situs ambiguous.
The disorders discussed include situs inversus totalis mir rorimage. Anatomy of a dextrocardia case with situs solitus scielo. Its incidence associated with situs inversus, in the general population, is 1. Dextrocardia, dextroversion, dextroposition dextroposition heart is positioned in right thorax, seen in setting of left congenital diaphragmatic hernia dextroversion apex of heart is pointing to right, but situs solitus. It is a rare disease with incidence rate of 110,000 live births 2,3. Echocardiography findings were of dextrocardia, small atrial septal defect asd with left to right shunt, atrial situs solitus, bilateral superior vena cava svc and interrupted inferior vena cava ivc with azygous continuation into left svc draining into dilated coronary sinus. Situs solitus was the most common type in our study 47%, which is in contrast to the study of walmsley et al, in which situs solitus was least frequent 22%. Dextroversion is the rarest form of dextrocardia, and occurs along with typically serious cardiac abnormalities. For language access assistance, contact the ncats public information officer. Mitral valve replacement in a jehovahs witness with dextrocardia and situs solitus. Many people with situs inversus totalis are unaware.
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